Introduction to geometric optics for lenses and mirrors. Find the focal length of the mirror remembering that convex mirrors. The first lens in a refracting telescope that light from a celestial object passes though. We now come to the much anticipated problem books series and start with problems in physics by v. So lets see how it goes, suppose that ive got an object out here in air and then ive got a piece of glass thats curved outward like this in a convex way. Typically such a mirror is not a complete sphere, but a spherical cap a piece sliced from a larger imaginary sphere with a single cut. There are two types of lenses, and they each change the perspective of how things look.
Mechanics ebook download page alevel physics tutor. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Part of the other physics commons lenses and mirrors 1975. Weve talked a lot about mirrors, in particular parabolic mirrors, that reflect light. Mirrors and lenses reflection we describe the path of light as straightline rays reflection off a flat surface follows a simple rule. The same sort of rules apply, just with a few modifications. Adjust the position of the lens and the slit plate to obtain parallel rays on the ray table. The geometrical optics is a collection of new art which clearly illustrates the behavior of lenses and mirrors, along with additional remarks on fiberoptics. Mirrors and lenses both have the ability to reflect or refract light. They should try to describe any images they form in terms of magnification, upright or inverted, real or virtual.
The second lens, located behind the focal plane, which allows the observer to view the enlarged or magnified image. What i want to do now is talk about lenses, or talk about what a lens is. Although it is possible to buy lenses that have aspherically curved surfaces, the vast majority of lenses have spherically curved surfaces. For the most part, this is a collection of modified problems. Light parallel to the principal axis a converges toward f after reflection from a concave mirror, and b diverges from f after reflection from a convex mirror. When light falls on a highly polished surface like a mirror most of the light is sent back into the same medium. Introduction to mirrors and lenses when the surface is smooth, such as the surface of glass or a mirror, then it can be easily demonstrated how reflected rays always obey the law of reflection as illustrated below. The components of the experiment, that is, the optics device lens or mirror, object and image.
Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p this note covers the following topics. Lateral magnification is magnification in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of. The light will then be inverted at the focal plane. Note that c is a distance r from the spherical segment.
A compound microscope has two convex lenses, separated by 10. In class you have studied the physics of thin lenses and spherical mirrors. Determination of focal length of a converging lens and mirror. There are standard and innovative uses for mirrors. Geometric optics converging lenses and mirrors physics lab iv objective in this set of lab exercises, the basic properties geometric optics concerning converging lenses and mirrors will be explored. The primary goals are to understand the relationship between image distance, object distance, and image scale. It helps in the formation of images, as the light passes through the medium. Difference between mirror and lens with comparison chart. They may place candles on mirrors to magnify the shimmering effect or use a series of prisms to create rainbows in a white room. To save the ebook, right click over the book area and choose save as save link as. On the other extreme, a lens is a part of the transparent refracting medium, i. The sign conventions are similar to those for mirrors, but there are. Cc ff r rays from infinity parallel to the principal axis all go through the focal point, f. Unscramble the shaded letters to find the name of the man who placed a mirror on the moon so that scientists can measure its distance from the earth.
In todays lab, we will analyze several physical configurations using both biconvex lenses and concave mirrors. The focal point for a mirror is 56cm behind the mirror. Lenses remembering the basics of mirrors puts you half ways towards fully understanding lenses as well. In both cases, the object distance is less than the focal distance. A system of lenses and or mirrors forms an image by gathering rays from an object and then causes them to converge or diverge. Convex mirror whose outer surface is reflecting,it forms virtual image and is used to get magnified image,while concave mirror whose inner surface is reflecting,it forms real and virtual images and its is used to get small images. The goal of the experiment is to be able to analyze ray diagrams so as to determine fundamental properties of image formation. Trace the outline of the mirror on a piece of paper. The path is called a ray of light, and a bundle of such rays constitutes a. Fermats principle, spherical lenses and mirrors, crystal symmetry and optical instruments. This book is an algebra based treatment of electric force, electrical energy, circuits, magnetism, faradays law, light and optics, introduction to modern. Lenses lenses refract light in such a way that an image of the light source is formed. Learn and lenses physics mirrors with free interactive flashcards.
Using a ruler or other straight edge and the ray tracing methods described in this section, locate and draw the image of the pencil. Optics is an exciting area of study, but as with most areas of physics it requires a variety of mathematical tools to be fully appreciated. Alevel physics, section thermal physics, 6 chapters, 34 pages, 1. In the two situations shown, the mirrors have the same focal lengths, and the object distance from the mirror to the arrow is the same.
Users can purchase an ebook on diskette or cd, but the most popular method of getting an ebook is to purchase a downloadable file of the ebook or other reading material from a web site such as barnes and noble to be read from the users computer or reading device. Physics 106 lab lenses and mirrors physics dept home. C object inside the focal point s makeup mirror ray 1. A lens is a curved piece of glass or plastic designed to refract light in a specific. Lenses or mirrors with flat surfaces are said to have an infinite radius of curvature. Trace the reflected rays from the concave mirror surface, also mark the focal point carefully. This property has put mirrors and lenses in use for centuries. In this article excerpt, you will find an indepth discussion on the difference between mirror and lens, so have a look. This will be a good material for those who are preparing for olympiads and other competitive exams.
Mirrors, which have curved surfaces designed to reflect rays, also form images. The curvature of a small section of wave front can be altered by passing it through a lens of any transparent substance. Exploring images with thin lenses and mirrors 1 of 20 introduction. One of the easiest shapes to analyze is the spherical mirror. Book 5 in the light and matter series of introductory physics textbooks. Keep in mind that for an object to be considered a lens it must be made of a transparent material that has an index of refraction higher than air.
How can we locate the image formed by a concave mirror for different positions of the object. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Use the lensmakers equation to determine the focal length of a thin lens. Lenses concave and convex apparatus selection of lenses, collimated light source, e. R is the radius of curvature and c 1r is the curvature of the surface. Certain styles of mirrors may give a room a certain atmosphere based on their appearance. Place the paper on the ray table and adjust the mirror on top so that the rays are parallel to the optical axis. Just how much do you know about the different types of lenses and mirrors. Waves and photons, the physics of waves,the huygensfresnel. And think about how they transmit or refract light.
Newtonian physics includes both action at a distance e. Alevel physics, section mechanics, 18 chapters, 88 pages, 2. We will talk about how these things work using the following. It curves light away from its middle, like the outside portion of a bowl.
This type of mirror will produce only smaller and virtual images. The purpose of this lab is to introduce students to some of the properties of thin lenses and mirrors. A lens is a transparent device with two curved surfaces, usually made of glass or plastic, that uses refraction to form an image of an object. With a converging lens, paraxial rays that are parallel to the principal. Refraction and the ray model of light lesson 5 image formation by lenses. Lenses in optics applications types of lenses physics. Light reflection and refraction 161 let us recall these laws i the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and ii the incident ray, the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence and the reflected ray, all lie in the same plane. Choose from 500 different sets of and lenses physics mirrors flashcards on quizlet.
Additionally, decorators may use lenses to reflect light or add color. Kids learn about lenses and light in the science of physics including concave, convex, converging, diverging, focal point, meniscus, and plano lenses. Plane mirrors science and mathematics education research group supported by ubc teaching and learning enhancement fund 20122014 department of curriculum and pedagogy a place of mind f a c u l t y o f e d u c a t i o n. In this trivia questions quiz, you will get to learn some more about the different lenses and mirrors and how they differ from each other. These laws of reflection are applicable to all types of reflecting surfaces. The diagrams on on page 4 of the accompanying pdf show a pencil placed at five different locations in front of a diverging lens. Spherical lenses problems the physics hypertextbook. Telescopes, microscopes, cameras, projectors, your eyes, all have one thing in common. As of 2010, mirrors and lenses are so prevalent that most people use them every day, regardless of whether or not they consciously perceive the use. Free optics books download ebooks online textbooks tutorials. The most apparent distinction between mirrors and lenses are that mirrors reflect light rays light bounces back while light rays are refracted passthrough through a lens.
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